Ethics and Criminal Justice CRJS345 Research Paper

Morals and Criminal Justice CRJS345 - Research Paper Example Utilization of COPPS will be basic in mining indispensable data from individuals from the general population and through examining, investigation, reaction and appraisal will totally engage police to tackle the common issues of underage drinking and road dashing in Westwood. Social wrongdoings, for example, drugs dealing and robbing keep on winning in the contemporary society. It is coherent that police offices can't deal with such difficult issues without empowering open investment. The advancement of COPPS will be of help to gather causes and reduce social issue through diagnostic gadgets and network strategy joint endeavor. Filtering stage will be of colossal help in diverting fundamental examination and in setting up if underage drinking and road dashing issue exist in Westwood. Examining stage will help in recognizing the genuine region in Westwood that adolescent drinking is drilled. I will visit traffic unit with the goal that I can become acquainted with if road dashing do exist in Westwood streets. After this, I will investigate information on underage drinking and road hustling misconduct both from the general population and police office as this will be accommodation in accomplishing considerable subtleties for deciding if the two offenses are existent (Sozer, 2010). I will utilize the examination stage in taking care of the issues by first looking at to which expand has underage drinking, and road dashing issue widened in Westwood. My significant source is from the network and the police office; in this way, I will start a grave report that will assist in finding the significant reason for these two issues. In my investigation to underage drinking, I will attempt to investigate what might be the its motivation or exploring factors (Williams and Arrigo,â 2008). This can assist me with understanding the key causes hence plan the best techniques of settling the issues. Is it brought about by youthful people’s interest of wandering into chance taking or is brought about by heritable component and other

Communication And Race Essays - Discrimination, Racism, Hatred

Correspondence And Race Essays - Discrimination, Racism, Hatred Correspondence And Race The most basic parts of media execution with respect to race and ethnicity are issues that identify with the nature of its portrayal of the lives of non-white individuals. Exactness and decent variety are parts of media execution that will take into account a cautious assessment of how it speaks to non-white individuals. Assessing media execution is significant as a result of the usage and dependence on the broad communications for quite a bit of society's reflexive checking and assessment of the real world. The exhibition of broad communications is significant with respect to race and ethnicity on the grounds that the broad communications are the essential wellspring of circuitous or intervened encounters that strengthen racial mentalities and convictions that are incorporated into subjective structures (Gandy, 1998). Subsequently, broad communications can be seen as spots where the truth is developed and prejudice might be repeated. Precision Exactness is a significant part of media execution to consider in surveying the nature of its portrayal of the lives of ethnic minorities due to its accepted results of creating mental self portrait and individual personality and its impression of social reality that advises social arrangement (Gandy 1998). Shan and Thorton (1994) express that past research of minority bunches has indicated that minorities are some of the time portrayed as being brutal, crude, and politically unsophisticated. Besides, they hypothesize that specific sorts of practices among minorities might be comprehended by whites as obsessive or freak as a result of how the news media speak to them. This portrayal is off base since it disregards authentic setting and auxiliary clarifications for social patterns. Also, Shan and Thorton express that newsmagazines duplicate bigotry by sustaining a racial progressive system completed by for the most part whites and devoured by basically whites that situated blacks at t he base. Entman (1990) found that neighborhood news animated the creation of present day bigotry. Brutal wrongdoings submitted by blacks was the biggest class of nearby news. Of the multiple times where blacks were subjects of lead stories, six depicted vicious wrongdoings. Moreover, blacks were appeared as being more risky than whites. Entman states that charged blacks were normally shown by glaring mug shots or by film of them being driven around in binds, their arms held by formally dressed white cops. Salwen and Soruco (1997) express that pictures of Mexicans in the press reflect racial generalizations. The scientists call attention to models in US press where Mexicans were marked as wetbacks and related with causing decimation by presenting one of the world's most ruinous creepy crawly bug. Gandy (1998) states that blacks are regularly depicted as savage crooks. In the event that they are depicted in human-intrigue stories, these accounts depend upon negative generalizations. Like Entman and Gandy finding that minorities (blacks) experience off base depictions of being savage, Salwen and Soruco additionally report that Hispanics were surrounded in wrongdoing stories all the more much of the time. Astroff (1989) presume that broad communications will in general imitate or partake in the propagation of incorrect portrayals, generalizations, of Latinos. US Latinos were changed into Spanish Gold through the redefinition of (not the end of) customary generalizations. These generalizations of Latinos were reworked for the utilization of clarifications of shopper conduct yet there was no noteworthy change, moving to an increasingly precise portrayal, in the portrayal of Latinos in prevailing press. Decent variety The idea of decent variety is a multidimensional one. The FCC looked to advance assorted variety under two headings: one of boosting shopper decision; the other of serving the open enthusiasm by guaranteeing a proper scope of administration from broadcasting and reasonableness in focusing on minority gatherings. Decent variety of program content, open to all fragments of the crowd, is important to safeguard quality portrayal of the lives of ethnic minorities. One of the objectives of the media ought to be to speak to or mirror the common contrasts of culture, conclusion, and social states of the populace all in all. The level of correspondence between the assorted variety of the general public and the decent variety of media content is the way to surveying media execution. Assorted variety must be at the media content level and at the media framework level and should advance racial proportionality and portrayal. Entman (1990) showed that blacks were distorted in neighborhood news inclusion. Purported awful news was regularly thought more newsworthy than uplifting news and ethnic minority individuals were differentially more

The Essay Topics What Students Should Know About Immigration

The Essay Topics What Students Should Know About ImmigrationThere are many essay topics that can be used to assess your knowledge on immigration. Of course, it is not enough to simply know a little about immigration. You should know a lot about it in order to write an excellent essay and to increase your chances of being accepted into the program you are applying for.As a student preparing your own application for college or university admission, you will want to include this topic in your essay. This way, it is just a matter of filling in the blanks as to where you have learned most about immigration law and its policies. This will serve as a part of your reference when it comes time to discuss your education at length in your interview. It will also serve as a means of providing a summary of your academic achievements, which is usually one of the main factors in determining admissions requirements.If you have any foreign language skills, you may wish to include this essay topics in your college application. The amount of effort it takes to do this is just a small fraction of the amount of time spent preparing for the SAT or ACT test, which is the most common form of standardized entrance exam for colleges and universities. After all, if you are applying to a school where English is not your first language, you will want to make sure that you demonstrate a familiarity with the language prior to taking the exam.When it comes to analyzing your personal character, there are many essays that can be written about this topic. You should list down several essays that you feel match your own personality and those that you believe portray your sense of integrity. Another excellent essay topic is the evolution of your sense of right and wrong. This is an excellent way to express your personal feelings, especially when applying for a visa or citizenship for yourself or your children.International law has been the subject of many debates. It is often a subject that no one is able to determine the true meaning of, making it an excellent essay topic for any student who wishes to learn more about the subject. Of course, the more you learn about this topic, the better you will be prepared to answer questions about it on your college application.Illegal immigration has become a huge topic in recent years. Students need to write a great deal of essays on this topic in order to properly understand how difficult it is to live in the United States without proper documentation. It will take a great deal of research and time to understand exactly what it takes to gain legal entry and to comprehend the intricacies of the legal system as it pertains to legal immigration.Many students also use student essay topics that pertain to religion. There are many areas of religious culture that are overlooked by most students, since it is hard to relate to anyone who does not practice the same religion as you. It is also important to write essays that are relevant to the current cultural landscape, as well as those that are able to speak to historical themes.Essay topics for immigration have many uses. In order to fully grasp the topic, you should spend time doing research. Since so much information is readily available online, it can be time-consuming to do your own research on the subject, but it is far more rewarding when you find yourself pulling together a good essay on immigration that will be extremely valuable to your application.

Slavery And The Civil War - 1084 Words

Slavery Slavery was one of the biggest controversies in American history. The beliefs about slavery mostly varied from the North to the South but also varied from state to state and sometimes even among family members. All of these different views caused conflicts to arise in America and slavery soon became a huge contributing factor to the Civil War. The core beliefs of anti-slavery societies differed from those of the slavery societies. Abolitionists believed that slavery was a moral and national sin. They also believed that all Americans had an obligation to help put slavery to an end. They believed that they could gradually free the slaves and return them back to their homes in Africa. After reviewing the facts, the abolitionists calculated that the cost to transport all slaves back to Africa would be astronomical, and nearly impossible. Consequently, deciding that the possibility of that idea becoming a reality was not probable. However, the Abolitionists realized that fighting for the freedom of slaves was a must and of a high priority. They continued to search for a legal means to disrupt slavery in America for good. Abolitionists began to call for the freedom of all slaves immediately. Most of the people who opposed slavery were driven by their religious beliefs. Quakers were one of these groups who believed that all people are equal and should be treated that way. Other anti-slavery groups were driven by the fact that slavery was a direct violation of theShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Civil War958 Words   |  4 Pagesblood in slavery so that many parts of America could become prosperous and recognized in the world†, this is quote from Josephine Baker, one of America’s early prominent black performers. Slavery, which will be discussed in greater detail, affected Africans kidnapped from their homeland and brought to the Americas to be sold and forced to work in horrible, vile, disgusting conditions. Slavery was also a great economic boost s for the United States due to cotton, however, overtime slavery began toRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economy was extremely reliant onRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe American civil war was in no doubt the most crucial event in history. No other war compares or even comes close to the casualties suffered. It helped conserve and maintain the Union, drastically changed the relationship between the federal and states go vernment, and led to slavery’s abolition. This war has also stirred up many conflicts until this day about the conflicts and causes. Among the countless and even undiscovered questions comes the most common as being why the Southern states wereRead MoreSlavery and the Civil War1281 Words   |  5 PagesEscaped slaves from the South helped the north to win the Civil War by increasing the number of soldiers fighting in the war for the north and by spying on the south for the north. With the help of escaped slaves fighting the South, the north outnumbered the south in battles, which eventually led to the North’s victory in the Civil War. Escaped slaves form the south also helped the north by spying on the south and reporting to Union officials who reported the information to the Union army. TheRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1527 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery is a lawful or monetary framework in which standards of property law are connected to people permitting them to be named property, to be possessed, purchased and sold as needs be, and they can t pull back singularly from the course of action. While a man is a slave, the proprietor is qualified for the efficiency of the slave s work, with no compensation. The rights and security of the slave might be controlled by laws and traditions in a specific time and put, and a man may turn into aRead MoreThe Civil War And The Slavery986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War contributed to the enslaved period being terminated. The union allowed slaves to fight for them and this imposed on the slave masters throughout the south. During this period the slaves were very rebellious and violent towards their masters. They beat them, tortured them, and some even killed some of the slave masters. They all truly deserved it after the treatment that had been rendered towards the African Americans when they first arrived from the West Indies to the United StatesRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1447 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesSlavery and The Civil War When most people think of Abraham Lincoln, They remember him as the one President, or the one single entity , who freed the slaves. Most are not aware that before slavery the young nation was going though growing pains there were years of political strife and social upheaval that culminated in to Civil war that actually resulted in the Emancipation of Slaves. Slavery was pivotal to the compromises and conflicts of national politics in the decades leadingRead MoreThe Civil War Of Slavery1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1800s the Institution of Slavery became very dominant in the United States, but mainly in the South. Due to the climate and their type of economy, their agriculture productions required a great amount of labor that was performed by the slaves. In the south, â€Å"slavery was key to the way of life†1 the majority of the south relied on the slaves to do all of the hard work for them and maximize the profit of their owners. The northern states however had a different type of economy and did not requireRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Civil War1701 Words   |  7 PagesIn pre-Civil War America, it was a common occurrence to witness Black families torn apart, sold off as property, and treated in hateful, vile manors in the name of a higher God. Many slave owners retained the firm belief that due to slavery being beneficial to them and the lack of clear-cut condemnation in scripture, it was a divine institution beneficial to both the slave and slave owner themselves. As a result, these ideals led to further enslavement and abuse, exploiting Blacks so that the slaveRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War Essay1963 Words   |  8 PagesSociety relates slavery to the civil war and most would argue that slavery ended in 1865. With this standpoint, we often brush off or neglect to further investigate slavery in its most modern forms. Over the course of history, there are hardly any situations where a social problem was solved. Starvation still exists, as does poverty, racism, war, segregation, injustice within government systems, and yes, even slavery. Human trafficking is modern day slavery and it exists everywhere with two different

The Haitian Revolution And Latin American History

The Haitian Revolution was one of the most important slave revolts in Latin American history. It started a succession of other revolutionary wars in Latin America and ended both colonialism and imperialism in the Americas. The Haitian Revolution affected people from all social castes in Haiti including the indigenous natives, mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin. The idea of starting a rebellion against France began with the colony’s white elite class seeking a capitalist market. These elites in the richest mining and plantation economies felt that the European governments were limiting their growth and restricting free trades. However, the Afro-Latin, mestizos and mulattos turned the Haitian Revolution into a war for equality and built a new state. The Haitian Revolution, with the support of it large slave population and lower class citizens, eliminated slavery and founded the Republic of Haiti. Tin this essay I will discuss how mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin American s population in Haiti participate in the fight for independence and how they creation of new republics. In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas were spreading all over Europe and Latin American which influents the white elites in Haiti to want a capitalist market and control of it own resources. Latin America’s elite class became anti-imperialist and favored exportation based on capitalism. Also, the white elites in Haiti saw that France was fully engaged in the Napoleonic Wars and seized theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between The French And Latin American Revolutions1044 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica and Latin America. The North American and Spanish American Revolutions were similar in that they both shared the common goal of liberation from the foreign colonial governments that ruled over them. However they differed in that there was no goal for social reform in the American Revolution, but in the Haitian Revolution the slaves had the goal of social refor m of the rigid social class system. Another difference between the revolutionary processes in the two regions is that the American RevolutionRead MoreSimilarities Between The Spanish American And Atlantic Revolutions1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American, French, Haitian, and Spanish American Revolutions. If broken down, the revolutions have very few things in common and the list of differences seem to go on forever. However, the similarities are what tie all of the revolutions together. Their similar political vocabulary and a large democratic nature are a couple of examples that make them alike. If looking at the picture as a whole, the revolutions can be compared because they all had one goal to meet. Some of the revolutions areRead MoreThe Age Of Revolution And The European Revolution1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of revolution was a powerful dynamic age in the European politics and the European Society that started in 1789 and ended in 1848. During this era, radical citi zens and reforming governments in Europe changed the existing laws and the ruling structure in a way that created the forms of the existing modern Europe states. The age was very revolutionary as it gave the introduction to new systems within Europe. The era was both an age of destruction as well as a catalyst for growth. Also, theRead MoreThe Spanish Slave Trade Between 1500 And 1866 Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pageslate 1400s. The European invasion of the Americas in the late 15th century, the Transatlantic Slave Trade between 1500 and 1866, and the Haitian revolution that characterized the late 18th to early 19th century introduced diversity, economic growth and class equality to the native soils. This left a significant mark not only in the Americas but also in global history. In 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew set their sails across the Atlantic Ocean with hopes of arriving in the East. However, theyRead MoreHaiti And The Dominican Republic Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The caribbean is where a small island, contains two countries within its borders and a long history of conflict. Haiti and the Dominican Republic are two different country, with completely different cultures, from religion, to the food they eat, Two countries, with two different, yet correlating stories. A story of conflict is what unites these two countries. This paper will attempt to analyse that story, and answer how this small island came to be divided into two countries, and inhabitedRead MoreThe Expansion Of A Early 16th Century Traveler Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pageslate 1400s. The European invasion in the early late 15th century, the Transatlantic slave trade between 1500 and 1866, and the monumental revolutions that characterized the early 18th century to mid 19th century introduced diversity, economic growth and class equality to the native soils. This left a significant mark not only in America, but also in global history. In 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew set their sails across the Atlantic Ocean with hopes of arriving in the East. However, theyRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution And The American Revolution1365 Words   |  6 PagesAtlantic World. In a time that can be called an era of revolution, the Atlantic World faced a multitude of uprisings. The American Revolution in 1765 would be the start of the age of revolutions, and would later inspire the revolutions of other countries across the Atlantic, such as the French Revolution in 1789, the Haitian Revolution in 1791, and later the Latin American Revolutions during the early nineteenth century. The events of these revolutions created shockwaves across the Atlantic that wouldRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution Essays1384 Words   |  6 Pages The Haitian revolution became the pedestal of slave or black rebellion across many nations in the world. Slaves around the world were seeking to be recognized as equals to their conquerors or colonizers and therefore uprisings began to develop after the orchestration of the first black uprising known as the Haitian revolution. A distinguished black leader Toussaint L’ouverture was one of the prominent leaders of the Haitian revolution. He advocated for equality, fraternity and libertyRead MoreBeyond Slavery : The Multilayered Legacy Of Africans1036 Words   |  5 PagesAfricans in Latin America and The Caribbean, editor Darien Davis, primarily examines the history of Africans in Latin America between the 1700s and the 1800s.The four readings in part 1, deal with â€Å"independence, freedom, and national identity and emphasize the place and role of freed and enslaved blacks in the revolutionary wars of independence, republicanism, and the periods of national consolidation† (Davis, 3). The work also aid in the continuing discussion of African experiences in Latin AmericaRead MoreSavannah Whiting, Carson Lilley, Kennethan Heng . Mr. Porter.1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthree eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being abolished. Although these revolutions present diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between them. The European Revolutions of the 1700s

Analysis Of Lord Of The Flies - 1605 Words

Intro: Give title and author. Background. In Lord of the Flies by John Steinback a group of young boys are stranded on an island. To survive the boys decided to vote who should be their leader, Ralph or Jack. Piggy is a smart, fat boy who is not respected by the boys. Ralph is the face of leadership but not the best for the job compared to Piggy. Piggy is the brains behind Ralph who gives the essential idea to further progress the island. Ralph is the face of leadership and according to everyone but Piggy the best for the job. In this passage the boys are taking a vote on who should be the leader for the island. â€Å"Vote for chief!† â€Å"Let’s vote—† This toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. Jack started to protest but the clamor changed from the general wish for a chief to an election by acclaim of Ralph himself. None of the boys could have found good reason for this; what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack. But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had blown that, had sat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart. â€Å"Him with the shell.† â€Å"Ralph! Ralph!† â€Å"Let him be chief with the trumpet-thi ng.† Ralph raised a hand for silence. â€Å"All right. Who wants Jack for chief?† With dreary obedience the choir raised theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 889 Words   |  4 PagesRandall English-4 15 April 2016 LOTF Literary Analysis Stranded on an island, a group of boys have the choice to be civil or savage. In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, British schoolboys are marooned on an island. They voted Ralph to be the leader in an effort to remake the culture that they had left behind, accompanied by the intelligent Piggy as counselor. But Jack wants to be the leader too, and he individually lures all of the boys away from civility to the brutal survivalism of huntersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 1004 Words   |  5 PagesBrandon Lawrence Mrs.Brown English 3 October 2017 Character Analysis Hidden meaning can be found in many different places. They can be in poems, novels, murals, paintings, and even in everyday life. Hidden meanings are there to challenge the reader, to make them think and really analyze the work. In the case of the novel â€Å"The Lord of The Flies,† by William Golding, the hidden meaning comes to us in the form many of his characters. One of them is Jack. Jack started off like everyone else equalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 1533 Words   |  7 Pagesmockery by saying, â€Å"You come to me equipped with a sword, spear, and javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord, the same Lord that you have been ridiculing. David then withdrew a stone and slings it towards Goliath, striking him in the forehead and brings the giant to his death. David proves that regardless to whatever challenges one faces, as long as you have faith in the Lord and approach each in Jesus name, He will fight your battle and give you the victory. David was a small boy facingRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1482 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal experiences by being confronted with other people’s personal experiences. Tolerance enables us to accept others rather than isolate them which is evident in the novel â€Å"Lord of the flies†. Tolerance allows us to understand other perspectives and empathise with others around us. This is shown in the book Lord of the Flies where Ralph helps Piggy build up his confidence. Ralph empathises with Piggy and works with him to strengthen his lack of inclusion and self esteem. He does this so that oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1581 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Einstein once said, â€Å"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.† In Lord of the Flies there are many types of people, the evil, the in between, and the good. Known by Sigmund Freud as the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is the more dominate character, they want what they want and do not care about reality or societal norms. The Ego is the balance of the desires of the Ids, and the realities of the Superegos. Lastly the SuperegoRead MoreLord of the Flies Comparative Analysis949 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Lord of the Flies Comparat ive Analysis Angela Boui Throughout the book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† several different universal themes occurred. Not just in this book but in movies and TV shows as well. The different themes all show morals surrounding situations both good and bad. One main theme that is present is how people abuse power when it is not earned. This happens because people crave power and they want to be in control. In the following paragraphs, different themes will be linked with theRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 988 Words   |  4 Pagesone was to miss one day of rehearsal there would be a hole and another individual would miss their dots because they had no one to guide off of. Golding believed that â€Å"everybody all of the time† was true in the sense of society. In his novel Lord Of The Flies Piggy, Ralph, and Jack have failures during the novel that cause other mistakes to be more significant. Proving that society fails due to the failure of the individual. Piggy fails three major times in the novel one causing his death and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn the popular novel, Lord of the Flies, there are many elements to the story that are not seen when just viewed from the surface. In order to understand these ideas, we have to dive deeper and really analyze the characters in the story. When you do this, a very important theme will arise and that is the very different personality types of the boys on the island. These personality types can be explained using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality. His theory explains that there are threeRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1610 Words   |  7 PagesSathyapriya Saravanan Wilkinson English 10 Honors; Period 1 4 November 2016 Everyone Wears One: Masks in Lord of the Flies â€Å"We all have a social mask, right? We put it on, we go out, put our best foot forward, our best image. But behind that social mask is a personal truth, what we really, really believe about who we are and what we re capable of† (Phil McGraw) one once said. In Lord of the Flies the characters wear a social mask that opposes their true feelings. Written by William Golding, the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 912 Words   |  4 Pagesexpression†, according to bullyingstatistics.org. It has also been shown that those who are bullied themselves often go on to bully others because it is all they know, or that bullying covers up their own shames. The character Jack Merridew in Lord of the Flies is not evil like many would argue, but rather is ashamed of the fact that he is gay and closeted. This is supported by the hunter’s casting off of religion and government, Jack’s inability to hunt unless in front of other boys, and the beast

Value of Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Value of Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: It would be correct to say that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a multidimensional concept addressing a range of social, cultural, ethical, economic and political concerns (Truong, 2011). In the current economic and business environment, CSR (Corporate Social responsibility) has emerged as a critical business function. The organizations have felt the need of integration between CSR and HRM function. The main objective of HRM function is to bring all the stakeholders together and CSR is a critical step in this (Kymal, 2014). The HR practices like planning, organizing, employee engagement would have a role to play in broad level CSR policies as good level of CSR policies depend on the way employees are engaged and utilized. Today, organizations have realized that the emphasis on CSR is the path to attain the objectives of sustainable development (Shen, 2011). Therefore, the large and multinational organizations have started to have the organizational design that supports CSR. Beckman (2009) argued that regardless of the model used, the organizational design must use a model that concurrently utilizes information systems design and work place design due to the models evolving over time and as the needs of businesses have changed (Beckman, 2009). It is observed that the large and multinational organizations are able to focus more on CSR practices as compared to the small and mid-size organizations. Google Inc. is one such company that has a strong policy of CSR (Woodrow, 2012). The management of Google Inc. has realized the role of various internal and external stakeholders to uphold the values of corporate social responsibility. The management of Google Inc. has been able to realize various tangible and intangible benefits of dedicated CSR policies (Yang, 2013). One of the tangible benefits of CSR policies for Google Inc. is an increase in the organizational revenue. The focus on CSR and sustainable development has helped Google Inc. to have a good rapport with consumers and eventually it has increased the revenue and profitability of the company. There are various indirect or intangible benefits of CSR for Google Inc. For example, Google Inc. has observed an improvement in the employee satisfaction index with the focus on C SR policies (Greenwood, 2002). The company is able to have a good relationship with various internal and external stakeholders. There are also various tangible and intangible costs of CSR polices that Google Inc. has to absorb. For example, the company has to make various monetary investments to implement the strategies and policies of CSR. The shareholders of the company directly absorb the monetary cost (Ferguson, 2016). However, the cost-benefit analysis of CSR suggests that the benefits if CSR outweighs the costs of CSR. The focus on CSR policies has been beneficial for both internal and external stakeholders of the company (Igalens, 2011). With various CSR polices and strategies, Google Inc. has been able to increase the motivation level of employees and the motivation level of employees is directly linked to the productivity level of employees. Therefore, Google Inc. has witnessed an overall organizational improvement with the focus in CSR policies and strategies. References Aksak, E.O., Ferguson, M.A. and Duman, S.A., 2016. Corporate social responsibility and CSR fit as predictors of corporate reputation: A global perspective.Public Relations Review,42(1), pp.79-81. Beckman, S. L. (2009). Introduction to a Symposium on Organizational Design. California Management Review, 51(4), 6-10. Caldwell, C., Truong, D., Linh, P. Tuan, A. (2011) Strategic human resource management as ethical stewardship, Journal of Business Ethics, 98 (1), pp.171-182. Gond, J.P., Igalens, J., Swaen, V. El Akremi, A. (2011) The human resources contribution to responsible leadership: an exploration of the CSR-HR interface, Journal of Business Ethics, 98, pp.115-132. Greenwood, M.R. (2002) Ethics and HRM: a review and conceptual analysis, Journal of Business Ethics, 36 (3), pp.261-278. Guest, D. Woodrow, C. (2012) Exploring the boundaries of human resource managers responsibilities, Journal of Business Ethics, 111 (1), pp.109-119. Shen, J. (2011) Developing the concept of socially responsible international human resource management, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22 (6), pp.1351-1363. Visser, W. and Kymal, C., 2014. Creating Integrated Value: Beyond CSR and CSV to CIV.Available at SSRN 2522987. Yang, N., Colvin, C. Yim-Yu, W. (2013) Navigating corporate social responsibility components and strategic options: the IHR perspective, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 12 (1), pp.39-58.

Calculating Humidex

Introduction Humidex has a long history. It originated from Canada in 1965. Canadian meteorologists use it to analyze risks associated with exposure to heat and excessive moisture [1]. They achieve this by bringing together temperature and humidity indices. Compared to temperature readings, humidex is regarded as a better measure of how stifling or stuffy the air feels [2].Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Calculating Humidex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is reported as a value. It is not a temperature reading. The reason is that it is just an expression of individual experiences. It is an equivalent scale used by the general public to express the effects of warm temperatures and humidity [3]. It is similar to the wind chill index. The tool determines levels of cold. However, humidex describes how hot people feel. Environmental organizations favor the humidex ratings. They use them to predict instances of u nbearable heat and humidity. According to the Meteorological Service of Canada, a humidex range of 20-29 is regarded as comfortable. Discomfort sets in from 30 to 45 [3]. Any value above 45 is regarded as extremely dangerous. Anyone exposed to such conditions may suffer heat stroke. However, it is noted that the relationship between the two concepts is not objective. The reason is that it varies widely between individuals [4]. Calculating humidex There are two common methods used in calculating this value. The first is humidex computation formula. The second is humidex chart. Humidex computation formula The formula was introduced by researchers at Canada’s Atmospheric Environment Service in 1979 [3]. It is used as a standard in Canada. However, varying versions of the formula are used in different parts of the world. The humidex formula is given below: Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: [1] The dew point temperature is given in Kelvins. Another value used is 5417.7530. It is a constant. It expresses the weight of water molecules. Other constants include latent heat of vaporization and universal gas [3]. The highest humidex value in Canada was recorded in 1961. It stood at 53.4 [5]. Calculating humidex using a chart The use of a chart is not common. However, it is the most effective method for people with little or no knowledge on the use of the computation formula [2]. The level of humidex is determined by checking the value of current temperature against relative humidity [see appendix 1]. For instance, if the temperature is 30oc and relative humidity 70%, then Humidex rating will be 42 [6]. A critique of the humidex index Many environmentalists have criticized the use of the index in such countries as Canada. The critics acknowledge the importance of other indices that illustrate the cold and windy conditions in the country [7]. They argue that even countries with higher humidity and heat levels than Canada do not use the humidex index [1]. According to them, the index was only developed to create excitement. They compare it to the discovery of the wind-chill index [4]. Some scientists also argue that creating a formula that quantifies feelings is unscientific [1]. According to them, feelings vary from one person to the other. Other people feel that an index that is a function of two measurements does not provide any additional information on top of the one given by the variables used [1]. Mathematicians criticize the index by claiming that its formula is illegal and fraudulent [3]. The reason is that the formula uses unscientific methods, such as subtracting scalar quantities from quantizes in millibars.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Calculating Humidex specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Humidex is used in many countries for dif ferent reasons. For instance, it may be used to determine the conditions in which people are working. It is also used to alert people of the dangers associated with high temperatures and humidity levels. Many people may disagree with the logic behind the computation and use of the humidex index. However, in spite of this, the index is the most effective way of expressing people’s feelings towards exposure to humidity and high temperatures. Bibliography [1] R. Rana, B. Kusy, R. Jurdak, J. Wall, and W. Hu, â€Å"Feasibility analysis of using humidex as an indoor thermal comfort predictor,† Energy and Buildings, vol. 64, pp. 17-25, 2013. [2] D. Charron, Humidex and its use in the workplace. Hamilton, Ont.: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 1989. [3] J. Masterton and F. Richardson, Humidex: A method of quantifying human discomfort due to excessive heat and humidity. Downsview, Ont.: Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment, 1979. [4] W. Santee and R. W allace, Evaluation of weather service heat indices using the USARIEM Heat Strain Decision Aid (HSDA) model. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. [5] V. Mersereau, A scan of municipal heat/health watch warning systems and hot weather response plans. Ontario, Canada: Clean Air Partnership, 2007.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More [6] K. Blazejczyk, Y. Epstein, G. Jendritzky, H. Staiger, and B. Tinz, â€Å"Comparison of UTCI to selected thermal indices,† International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 515-535, 2012. [7] J. Orosa, A. Costa, A. Rondriguez-Fernandez, and G. Roshan, â€Å"Effect of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort in humid climates,† Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, vol. 12, p. 46, 2014. Appendix Humidex chart Source: [2] This report on Calculating Humidex was written and submitted by user Texas Twister to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Career Paper

I wish to become a counseling psychologist in the future. I have done some research on what psychologists do and I think I would like to become one. I would like to get my master’s degree so I could work under the supervision of a psychologist and may also be able to go into counseling. I don’t know where or which college I’ll enroll in to study. According to the Occupational Outlook Hand Book, 1. â€Å"Psychologists study the behavior of individuals and groups to understand and explain their actions.† They also gather information from interviews and tests, by studying people and their history and by conducting controlled experiments. There are different types of psychologists; experimental, developmental, personality, social, environmental, and physiological. They also specialize in their field further. They can chose between these specialized fields of study; clinical, counseling, educational, industrial and organizational, engineering, and consumer. Psychologists can pretty much work the hours they desire. A counseling psychologist usually works in the evening to accommodate work and school schedules of their patients. Most psychologists work in colleges and in universities as teachers or counselors. The rest of the psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers and other health clinics, although, some psychologists work for government agencies, correctional institutes, research firms or they have their private practice. A psychologist can work in communities of all different sizes. Most of them work in large areas that have colleges and universities. In order to be a psychologist one must remain emotionally stable. One also needs to have sensitivity to others and an interest their problems. One also needs to have patience, tact, and strong communication skills. During high school its good to take classes that emphasize science and social science skills. A PhD is the minimum requirement for empl... Free Essays on Career Paper Free Essays on Career Paper I wish to become a counseling psychologist in the future. I have done some research on what psychologists do and I think I would like to become one. I would like to get my master’s degree so I could work under the supervision of a psychologist and may also be able to go into counseling. I don’t know where or which college I’ll enroll in to study. According to the Occupational Outlook Hand Book, 1. â€Å"Psychologists study the behavior of individuals and groups to understand and explain their actions.† They also gather information from interviews and tests, by studying people and their history and by conducting controlled experiments. There are different types of psychologists; experimental, developmental, personality, social, environmental, and physiological. They also specialize in their field further. They can chose between these specialized fields of study; clinical, counseling, educational, industrial and organizational, engineering, and consumer. Psychologists can pretty much work the hours they desire. A counseling psychologist usually works in the evening to accommodate work and school schedules of their patients. Most psychologists work in colleges and in universities as teachers or counselors. The rest of the psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers and other health clinics, although, some psychologists work for government agencies, correctional institutes, research firms or they have their private practice. A psychologist can work in communities of all different sizes. Most of them work in large areas that have colleges and universities. In order to be a psychologist one must remain emotionally stable. One also needs to have sensitivity to others and an interest their problems. One also needs to have patience, tact, and strong communication skills. During high school its good to take classes that emphasize science and social science skills. A PhD is the minimum requirement for empl...

HSBC Bank (employee mistakes) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HSBC Bank (employee mistakes) - Research Paper Example Major flaws of the employees that have to do with customer relations were examined. For instance the research tested the various ways in which the availability of training facilities would help in equipping the employee with up-to-date knowledge on how to relate to the customer in a manner that would motivate the customer to come back for more services (Heppner, Kivlighan, Jr., & Wampold, 1999). The effect of employee stress on the rate of delivery and general productivity rate to meet the demands of customers were also examined as well as the role of organizational systems in ensuring that the right platforms are created to check the conduct and behave of employees to towards customers. By and large, it was concluded that HSBC is currently faced with avoidable losses as a result of common mistakes committed by employees and these mistakes come about as a result of low training for employees and high levels of stress. The company is however in a position to changing the trend by incr easing motivation and training for employees. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Officially, the company that is commonly referred to as HSBC is known and registered as HSBC Holdings plc. HSBC Holdings plc is a British company with headquarters in London; whose major line of business is channeled at banking and financial service provision. This means that HSBC Holdings Plc is a financial organization who has other major companies in the same industry of finance as competitors. The company is touted as an international company with branches spread across the globe. There is a heavy representation of the company in major global economic destinations including Hong Kong, The United States of America, Mexico, Brazil and France. With such branches the company is known to offer prudent financial assistance to â€Å"over 50 million people worldwide to manage and save for their futures with a complete range of personal financial products† (HSBC, 2012). One of the highly commendable stan ds that the company has made over the years is that it has taken advantage of the globalization phenomenon to reach out to even more people who do not have the presence of the company in their countries. With such services such as online banking and online transfer services attached to the regular banking operations, HSBC was rated as the second largest banking and financial service company in the world (Kerlinger, 2006). It was also said that HSBC was the second largest company in public service delivery (LaFountain & Bartos, 2002). All these have been made possible by the 7,200 offices owned by the company in 85 countries with major listing on the London Stock Exchange and secondary listing in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and the Bermuda Stock Exchange. On the London Stock Exchange alone, the official 2011 market capital of the company was quoted as ?87.4 billion (Rosenthal & Rosnow, 1991). This such a performance, there remains one thing left for the comp any to do and this is to maintain its statuesque or even think of making it better. 1.2 Problem Statement As the world continues to experience very huge competition in the financial sector with a strive to make good of the recovery of the present global economic recession, this research is seeking to examine the effect of training facilities, employee stress and organizational systems on the number of mistakes made by employees of HSBC and

Sports Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Management - Essay Example This paper tells that countries have made teams of popular sports and each has their own representative in each respective sport. It has become a multimillion-dollar industry, to say the least (Aaron Smith and Bob Stewart, 1999). Sports like football and formula one are followed more regularly and enjoyed more by people that their religious festivals. Obviously, this means that things have become much more complex. Who will manage the team for instance Who will select the team in the first place from the thousands of talented individuals who have turned to give trials All this calls for some form of organization and proper management of sports. This is where sports management comes in. It is basically there too, well, manage sports. More specifically, this looks at sports from a more business point of view. How can you cash in on sports How to promote certain kinds of sports in the best way possible and which sports to stop chasing because they are just not worth spending a fortune o n? Entering into this field has many options to choose from. You can become a sports agent, who will basically provide you and your team opportunities to come on the stage and prove your worth. From there on then the whole thing will be your own talent. You can go on to become a sports manager, who in a nutshell will manage your team making sure that no member harms the team in any way such as getting caught in match-fixing and so on. If you are good with words then you can become a publicist where you can publicize the team and make it sound better than they really are, in many cases.

Beh 225 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Example for Free

Beh 225 Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Assignment: Diagnosis and Treatment Beh 225 July 10, 2011 Assignment: Diagnosis and Treatment According to the American Psychiatric Association, there is a fifteen percent prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive, is a mental disorder. Symptoms of bipolar disorder include extreme highs and extreme lows with periods of normal mood in between. Manic symptoms are being extremely active, talkative, distractible, unlimited hopes with no follow through, aggression, hostility, and violence. Depressive symptoms are feeling overwhelmed and worthless, loss of interest, insomnia, loss of concentration, and suicidal thoughts. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Roughly, 29,000 people commit suicide each year. Bipolar Disorder can create marital and occupational problems as well as financial dismay. Mood disorders are thought to be caused by nature and nurture. Biological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode are chemical imbalances in the brain, hormonal imbalances, and inherited traits. Physiological factors that may lead to a bipolar episode include maladaptive cognitive distortions. The text defines this as â€Å"an illogical and maladaptive response to early negative life events that leads to feelings of incompetence and worthlessness that are reactivated whenever a new situation arises that resembles the original events. † (Morris and Maisto,2005) Studies suggest that women are two to three times more likely to have a mood disorder than men. Being diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a lifelong and reoccurring illness. There are different types of bipolar disorder. The symptoms of bipolar I are severe mood swings from manic to depressive that lasts at least seven days. Bipolar II occurs when mood swings are less manic, or hypomania, and shift back to depressive. When one’s symptoms are not determined to be either of these the disorder is called bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. These symptoms are not as fierce as the I and II characterization. Cyclothymiacs is a mild form of bipolar disorder. These milder forms of symptoms continue to shift over the course of two or more years. When a person has four or more episodes a year they are referred to as a rapid cycler. Although the onset of this disorder usually occurs in the twenties and thirties some children are also diagnosed. Children are more likely to be diagnosed early if they have two parents with the disorder. The child’s odds increase up to seventy-five percent in some cases. Many bipolar patients self medicate with drugs and alcohol. This action can trigger or prolong the symptoms. Bipolar disorder patients are at a higher risk for many diseases. These diseases include heart disease, diabetes, obesity, migraines, and thyroid disease. When one suspects they have bipolar disorder, a doctor needs to be consulted. The doctor will perform a physical examination, interview the patient, and order testing. There is no test for bipolar disorder but these tests will rule out other ailments. After reviewing all tests and lab reports a mental health evaluation will be preformed. Family history will be taken as well as interviewing the family of said patient. Bipolar patients tend to seek help in the depressive state rather than the manic state. This disorder is treated with medications and psychotherapies. Over the course of treatment, several medicines may be tested. The first choice of treatment is a mood stabilizer. The FDA approved lithium in the 70’s for treatment of mania. In 1995, the FDA in treating mania approved depakote. Recently, the FDA in treating bipolar disorder approved an anticonvulsive medication. Anti convulsive medicines are lamictal, neurontin, topomax, and trileptal. Atypical antipsychotic, or second generation, medicines are also used occasionally. These medicines are zyprexa, abilify, seroquel, risperdal, and geodon. These medications relieve sudden and severe mania symptoms. Anti depressants are used in treating the depressive side of bipolar disorder. Prozac, paxil, Zoloft, and wellbutrin are all examples of anti depressants. Mild side effects to medicines include headache, rashes, and heartburn. These side effects usually go away as one get used to taking the medicine. Serious side effects can occur, as with any medicine, such as tardive dyskinesia. This is uncontrollable muscle movement, usually around the mouth, that needs to be discussed with a doctor. In addition to medication, psychotherapy is recommended. These therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and social rhythm therapy.

Analysis of e. e. cummings’ Poem of all the blessings which to man Essa

Analysis of e. e. cummings’ Poem of all the blessings which to man      Ã‚   As Thomas Reed West puts it, "the predominant literary sentiment toward the discipline of the machine has been one of lament" (xii). Many authors have composed pieces dealing with industrialization and the correlated obsolescence of man. Poet e.e. cummings is among them. In his poem "of all the blessings which to man," cummings describes a world to which progress will doom mankind-- a place where technology rules over humanity.    Cummings's poem opens saying that the most supreme gift progress offers mankind is "the an/ imal without a heart" (3-4). This heartless living thing is the machine. Machines can be made to act, and can often appear as if they think, but cannot feel. This is the greatest present presented to us by progress? To view that as a gift is to hold logic highly supreme over emotion, a preference this piece laments as being unfortunately accepted.    This industrialization and elimination of the need for humans is similarly unfeeling and coldly logical. The age of machinery presents its nearly silent coup d'etat rebels, the mechanical beings themselves, as a huge "collective pseudobeast," aimed at eliminating not only a need for humanity but a need for emotion (5). The poem's speaker notes that this being only preexists "its hoi in its polloi" (8). This shows the aim these machines allegedly have-- not simply to overtake the teeming masses of people but to become the teeming masses (hoi polloi) themselves, even to make humanity forget that they were ever in charge. This hearkens to the government employees constantly rewriting history in George Orwell's 1984, as these machines hope to make the people forget how things eve... ...y have done too good of a job. Their creation will change them from tame rulers to beings whose prolific creation ("teem") overcomes them.    Movies and literature alike have often served to villainize technology. These topics survive and persist, perhaps because we are morbidly fascinated with our own predicted downfall. Many people will admit to being concerned, as cummings is in "of all the blessings which to man," that the world will one day be run by machines. This potential future governing force is "without a heart" and "couldn't use a mind," and that may scare humans most of all (25, 28).    Works Cited Rotella, Guy. "Nature, Time, and Transcendence in Cummings' Later Poems." Critical Essays on E.E. Cummings. Ed. Guy Rotella. Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1984. West, Thomas Reed. Flesh of Steel. Charlotte, NC: Heritage Printers, 1967.   

The Importance of Tourism for the Malaysian Economy in a Recession

Given the relatively small size of our economy, Malaysia is a country heavily reliant on exports as a source of income. Manufacturing, our biggest foreign exchange earner, currently accounts for the bulk (70%) of total exports led by electronic parts and components, followed by commodities such as oil and gas as well as palm oil. As long as this over-dependency remains, Malaysia will always be exposed to the risks of the cyclical nature of global ICT product demand and the speculative prices of raw materials. Based on the growth experience of industrialized economies, manufacturing has also already reached its optimum share of 30% contribution to the Malaysian GDP. In other words, traditional means of exports will continue to decline and diversification of our export earnings is imperative for us to compensate for the resulting gaps. Dato Seri Najib Razak’s recent announcement of further liberalization to the services sector couldn’t have been more well-timed. Through this, we can expect to speed up our reduction of on imported services while boosting our exports (in various other categories) to register a healthier overall bank balance. We’ve only just started seeing trade surplus for services since 2007. This would not have been possible without tourism, which contributes to almost 50% of the services sector and Malaysia’s 2nd largest foreign exchange earner. Besides having an incredible multiplier effect in terms of income and employment distribution due to far-reaching linkages to other sectors (construction, finance, insurance, manufacturing etc. – tourism, unlike other goods or services, has no exact substitutes; meaning demand for holidays is more likely to grow rather than be traded with something else. Neither is it subjected to price fluctuations affected by speculative factors like commodities for example. If the index of average international tourist expenditure equals the price of the international product , prices received enjoy greater stability versus raw materials. In fact, prices have tended to increase in a stable manner due to among other things, demand for holidays and the rigidity of destination supply in the short and medium term. Tourism also has the capacity to recover foreign-currency investment in a shorter time – a strong motivation for FDI inflows to the country. The UNWTO estimates that a medium-class beach hotel in a developing country will earn back in 1 year the entire foreign exchange required to build and equip it. In this bleak climate however, decline in international arrivals is naturally expected. Unless enough measures are put in place to safeguard the industry – the impact would overwhelming on not just travel per se, but on a massive chunk of businesses that rely on tourism as a demand stimulus. There are several key things we need to do. Firstly, we need to be extremely targeted in terms of our source markets. This recession is quickly speeding up the shift of economic power to emerging economies – the result of the contrast between the excess of savings in Asia and the debt burden of Europe and North America. While it is a global downturn, China, India, and MENA region are still expected to post positive growth – which is a far cry from the -3% growth forecasted for developed countries. Besides ASEAN, contribution of international arrivals from these countries will make up a substantial share of our prospects. What this also means, is that our ASEAN counterparts would be vying for the same piece of the pie. Even more difficult is the fact ASEAN destinations share their own equivalent of what Malaysia offers as a travel destination – common key interests like cultural experiences, beaches and spas, historical monuments, shopping, local cuisine, sports etc. As witnessed from most communication efforts both regionally and globally, countries have more often than not packaged these attractions together in a beautifully crafted montage of pictures either on television or print advertising that spells out what a destination has to offer. During a time when such demonstrations become expected proof of value, how do we then break through the clutter and arrest the traveler’s attention? To do this, we need to create ideas that mean something to them, ideas they would want to spend their time with. Value need not necessarily mean tangible or functional attractions to a traveler alone. Rather than starting with the multitude of things a destination has to offer, we need to look at our arrival prospects as people first – and identify a fundamental need, that could be emotional or rational, before tailoring our destination to resolve them. An example of how this approach has worked lies within Tourism Malaysia’s own communications targeting the South and West Asian markets by JWT-Sen Media Malaysia in 2008. In India, 2 large and rapidly growing segments of travelers were identified – honeymooners and young, affluent working couples with kids. Surveys revealed an interesting discovery amongst newlyweds, the fact that a majority of marriages in India were still largely arranged, by choice. A honeymoon for them is akin to a couple on a first date, where an awkward tension exists between both parties. By tapping on this, we demonstrated the emotional value of a Malaysian holiday by telling a story of how a relatively unknown man called a husband becomes a close friend of a woman with each passing day, having gone through different experiences in Malaysia together. As for young families – the main motivation behind a holiday is to indulge in quality time with their family, as 55% feel they don’t spend enough time with their children back home. To capture this segment, a story of a busy, successful boss who rediscovers the dad in him was spun around a holiday experience in Malaysia. Similarly for West Asia, we tapped on a finding that the target looked forward to the refreshing feeling of â€Å"water† when they go on a holiday, as it’s a transient form of escapism from their natural surroundings. We sought to bring this feeling to life by weaving a tale about a little girl who comes to Malaysia with her parents, equipped with a tiny parasol, looking for cool hills and the excitement of rain†¦and finds it. Through selling value based on fundamental â€Å"people† motivations instead of purely selling the destination, Malaysia posted a growth of arrivals from India by 28% within the months of October to December 2008 (when the campaigns ran) versus the same period during a recession-free 2007. In the largest West Asian markets – Saudi Arabia and Iran posted an astonishing 47% and 64% growth in arrivals respectively. The question we need to ask ourselves now is – what are travelers looking for in these times, and how do they want to feel? Once this has been identified – it’s a matter of ensuring the most efficient way to reach them. While this sounds seemingly simple, the proliferation of channels to reach ever-changing consumers is continuing to evolve rapidly. It’s no longer enough to assume threshold weight on traditional mediums like print or TV advertising alone to talk to different segments of travelers with incredibly different needs. The availability of broadband connections has expanded speedily in our target markets – the number of Internet users in China has grown by over 40% YOY to 298 million in 2008, whereas in India, a growth of 33% was seen among urban users. Increasingly, travelers in the Asia Pacific region prefer to plan their travels online – 75% of them in fact, as evidenced by the latest PATA/Visa Travel Intentions Survey; strongly catalyzed by the growth in low-cost airlines over the years, where most transactions happen online. Planning usually kicks off broad based, before honing into destinations that arrest their attention for more focused planning. The Internet allows travelers to find what interests them more easily and connect with like-minded people in ways they never could before. Top sources for information are travel, hotel, airline websites, as well as word-of-mouth and recommendations. Where the latter stemmed mostly from family and friends in the past; it has found its way to be readily available in the form of travel blogs, networking sites and various other forums. The Internet as an alternative media channel is unrivalled in its targeting and accountability, providing the capability to track what people search for and where they surf – and allow communications and information to be tailored specifically to travelers’ presumed special interests. The on-going advancements of the infrastructure also give much fluidity to the medium; allowing the creation of the destination experience digitally to make travelers feel a certain way; which is far more powerful than asking people to think about the value. In the TV era, getting trial happened at the end of the marketing process – now it can be the start.

Coordination Number Definition in Chemistry

The coordination number of an atom in a molecule is the number of atoms bonded to the atom. In chemistry and crystallography, the coordination number describes the number of neighbor atoms with respect to a central atom. The term was originally defined in 1893 by Swiss chemist Alfred Werner (1866–1919). The value of the coordination number is determined differently for crystals and molecules. The coordination number can vary from as low as 2 to as high as 16. The value depends on the relative sizes of the central atom and ligands and by the charge from the electronic configuration of an ion. The coordination number of an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion is found by counting the number of atoms bound to it (note: not by counting the number of chemical bonds). Its more difficult to determine chemical bonding in solid-state crystals, so the coordination number in crystals is found by counting the number of neighboring atoms. Most commonly, the coordination number looks at an atom in the interior of a lattice, with neighbors extending in all directions. However, in certain contexts crystal surfaces are important (e.g., heterogeneous catalysis and material science), where the coordination number for an interior atom is the bulk coordination number and the value for a surface atom is the surface coordination number. In coordination complexes, only the first (sigma) bond between the central atom and ligands counts. Pi bonds to the ligands are not included in the calculation. Coordination Number Examples Carbon has a coordination number of 4 in a methane (CH4) molecule since it has four hydrogen atoms bonded to it.In ethylene (H2CCH2), the coordination number of each carbon is 3, where each C is bonded to 2H 1C for a total of 3 atoms.The coordination number of a diamond is 4, as each carbon atom rests at the center of a regular tetrahedron formed by four carbon atoms. Calculating the Coordination Number Here are the steps for identifying the coordination number of a coordination compound. Identify the central atom in the chemical formula. Usually, this is a transition metal.Locate the atom, molecule, or ion nearest the central metal atom. To do this, find the molecule or ion directly beside the metal symbol in the chemical formula of the coordination compound. If the central atom is in the middle of the formula, there will be neighboring atoms/molecules/ions on both sides.Add the number of atoms of the nearest atom/molecule/ions. The central atom may only be bonded to one other element, but you still need to note the number of atoms of that element in the formula. If the central atom is in the middle of the formula, youll need to add up the atoms in the entire molecule.Find the total number of nearest atoms. If the metal has two bonded atoms, add together both numbers, Coordination Number Geometry There are multiple possible geometric configurations for most coordination numbers. Coordination Number 2—linearCoordination Number 3—trigonal planar (e.g., CO32-), trigonal pyramid, T-shapedCoordination Number 4—tetrahedral, square planarCoordination Number 5—square pyramid (e.g., oxovanadium salts, vanadyl VO2), trigonal bipyramid,  Coordination Number 6—hexagonal planar, trigonal prism, octahedralCoordination Number 7—capped octahedron, capped trigonal prism, pentagonal bipyramidCoordination Number 8—dodecahedron, cube, square antiprism, hexagonal bipyramidCoordination Number 9—three-face centered trigonal prismCoordination Number 10—bicapped square antiprismCoordination Number 11—all-faced capped trigonal prismCoordination Number 12—cuboctahedron (e.g., Ceric ammonium nitrate -(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6)